Preventing HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in...

CASE STUDY #2: Preventing HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Thailand Miami Dade College Abstract Our second team project answers five questions about Case Study #2, Preventing HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Thailand and Chapter 10, Introduction to Global Health. This project will talk about the characteristics of the high-risk population that permitted this intervention to work and the implications of this for replication in other settings. It will explain why Thailand is a model for programs in other countries. Since cost-effectiveness assessment was never done for this program, it will evaluate the assessments that should have taken into account in terms of costs measured.†¦show more content†¦The budget spent on this program represented only 1.9% and about 200,000 new infections were averted in 7 years, and the rate of STI also fell dramatically. Though the government did not condone prostitution, they were aware that they could not control it the disease was spreading fast with drug users, sex workers, those with STIs and blood donors was so immense in addition to the economic impact it made that they made a realistic approach to problem solve and contain it. This is an example of being proactive to a situation where cooperation among the government, police and its people through the media and programs implemented were able to reduce such a devastating disease that along claiming human life, is also expensive to treat in the long run causing a economic impact. 3. A cost-effective assessment was never done for this program. What should such an assessment have taken into account in terms of costs measured? HIV and AIDS have had a great impacted throughout varies countries. As an illness with no none cure, it is essential to promote prevention among those at risk. Thailand’s â€Å"No Condom, NO sex: The 100% Condom program† was successful at greatly reducing the cases of new HIV infection cases (Levine, 2007, p.10). Thailand’s program has the advantage to serve as a building block to many other countries experiencing high levels of HIV/AIDS infection, but is limited due toShow MoreRelatedSexual Education And Sex Education1762 Words   |  8 Pagesadolescents about sex is beneficial because they become aware of consequence that might follow specific actions. This is a chance to ensure adolescents take safer routes when deciding to become sexually active. Youth sexual education has been correlated with preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Many schools have sexual education programs but many teenage pregnancies that are unplanned and STIs are occurring. One reason could be because very few of these sexual educationRead MoreAids Awareness3713 Words   |  15 PagesWhen AIDS first emerged, no-one could have predicted how the epidemic would spread across the world and how many millions of lives it would change. There was no real idea what caused it, and consequently, no real idea how to protect against it. Now, in 2004, we know from bitter experience that AIDS is caused by the virus HIV, and that it can devastate families, communities and whole continents. We have seen the epidemic knock decades off countries national development, widen the gulf between richRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : The World s Most Serious Health Challenges2292 Words   |  10 Pagesaffected with HIV and many of those women are bearing children. As of 2012, three world renown AIDS organizations have published a global statistics of HIV and AIDS epidemic estimating that at least 34 million people have been affected by HIV and of the 34 million, 3.8 million are children living with HIV. UNAIDS, WHO, and UNICEF are the three organizations that have come together to send aide and awareness to HIV-positive women and their children throughout the world known as PMTCT, Preventing Mother-to-childRead MoreThe Wisdom of Whores2029 Words   |  9 PagesPisanis The Wisdom of Whores - Bureaucrats, Brothels and the Business of AIDS is a great book (along with a great website). Elizabeth Pisani is an epidemiologist with years of experience working on HIV/AIDS (or sex and drugs, as she puts, which sounds a lot, well, sexier) at a variety of agencies, including UNAIDS. The book is the story of her frustrations at the way the international community, national governments, NGOS and AIDS activists have dealt with the epidemics, as well as her hopes in someRead MoreHIV/AIDS and Women4590 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction : 2 2. HIV/AIDS : 2 3. HIV/AIDS and women : 2 4. Special signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS in women : 3 5. Vulnerability of women to AIDS : 3 6. The challenges that HIV/AIDS infected women faced : 4 7. Transmission of HIV to women : 5 8. Global distribution of HIV/AIDS among women : 5 9. The impact of HIV on women : 7 10. Prevention : 9 11. HIV treatment : 9 12. Prevention Challenges : 11 13. The Global Response to HIV/AIDS : 11 14. 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In 2005 alone, an estimated 540 000 children were newly infected with HIV, with about 90% of these infections occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (UNAIDS, 2006) .UNAIDS estimates that approximatelyRead MoreKarex5167 Words   |  21 Pagesdemands and they are managing over 15% of the worlds condom market (Karex, n.d). Moreover, they have also expanded their customer base to accommodate individual retailers, government bodies and healthcare organizations to support the fight against HIV, AIDS and other STDs, as well as encouraging good sexual health and awareness  (Karex, n.d). 2.0 TARGET COUNTRY According to Maslow Hierarchy physiological needs, it is suggested that the ï ¬ rst and most basic needs of human beings are physiologicalRead MoreIllegal Trafficking Is A Source, Transit, And Destination For Human Trafficking2243 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause of the stigma it carries (4). Even when children are freed from their trafficker, many of them do not remember their parents’ names or address, making it difficult to track down the children’s families (2). If a child returns with a sexually transmitted infection, they are often shunned by their family and community (7). Forced labor is also a common form of trafficking within the country. The demand for cheap labor results in people trafficked into domestic work, farm work, organized begging,Read MoreThesis, Term Paper, Essay, Research Paper21993 Words   |  88 Pagesconducted by Birth to Twenty, a non-government research organisation. One area of focus of this study is the emergence of sexual and lifestyle risk factors during adolescence, particularly risk behaviour, unwanted pregnancy, exposure to sexually transmitted infection etc (Birth to Twenty, 2005). The Reproductive Health Research Unit (RHRU) is another organisation that plays a leading role in adolescent reproductive health studies and development of intervention programmes (Erulkar, Beksinska Cebekhulu

Job Satisfaction And Customer Satisfaction - 847 Words

Introduction Comcast is known as the top cable TV provider in the nation with the fastest internet speeds along. Even though Comcast has many great achievement and awards there were still business issues that had existed in the organization. In the past Comcast did receive some bad publicity in regards to their customer service as it impacted the customer experience. Every great company has went through many obstacles but it is all about how the organization overcomes those obstacles. The key towards success was not built over night but over time for a successful future. Good introductory paragraph Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction Good use of headings; One of the business problems that has been identified by Comcast is providing a great customer experience. In the past Comcast struggled with customer experience due to the lack of customer satisfaction. Over the years the customer experience did improve but there were some road blocks still preventing Comcast from moving forward. In order to provide a great customer experience Comcast had to modify their strategic plan to improve customer satisfaction. In order to provide a great customer experience Comcast had to find the root cause of why customer satisfaction was still not at its targeted goal. After making many observations at their call-center locations it was discovered that job satisfaction was impacting customer satisfaction. If anyone ever worked in a call-center environment knows customerShow MoreRelatedTo Study the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction at a Mcdonald Restaurant.11600 Words   |  47 Pages The purpose of this study is to understand the job satisfaction on customer satisfaction in McDonald’s restaurants and the factors that affect the employee’s level of job satisfaction in McDonald’s restaurants Navi Mumbai. Employee satisfaction is a prerequisite for the customer satisfaction. Enhanced employee satisfaction leads to higher level of employee retention. There is a definite link between employee attitudes and customer satisfaction. If employees are unhappy or dissatisfied, despiteRead MoreThe Role Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership Styles On Organizational Commitment And Job Satisfaction Of Customer Contact Personnel913 Words   |  4 Pagespublic organization and goes against stereotypical beliefs that they are filled with bureaucracy. Next â€Å"The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel,† written by Emery and Barker job satisfaction in the banking food store businesses. The last article titled â€Å"Differential effects of Females and male candidates on system justification: Can Cracks in the glass ceiling foster complacency?† by Brown andRead MoreComp lications Of Compensation961 Words   |  4 Pagespresented statistics on the effects of employee recognition, pay, and benefits on job satisfaction to employees in USA, Malaysi, and Vietnam. While there are significant differences statistically between the four variables of the study, all groups concurred that pay, benefits, and recognition are vital in improving job satisfaction of employees. The results solidify the hypothesis that pay is integral to job satisfaction in all of the three countries despite varying cultures. It is important to takeRead MoreAnalysis Of Quicken Loans, The Third Largest Retail Mortgage Of The United States1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision-making. In analyzing Quicken Loans’ goals and values have on job satisfaction and motivation, there are key components from both Job Characteristics Model and the Employee Satisfaction Model that could be applied their business model. There are similarities with both models, regarding goal setting to motiva te and incentivize, task identity and significance, focus on job performance, job satisfaction, productivity, and customer satisfaction. Quicken loans business model can be adopted by many organizationsRead MoreJob Satisfaction At The Company1222 Words   |  5 PagesAttitudes and job satisfaction can have a major impact on whether or not one will have a smooth or bumpy working experience at their company. Attitudes come up everywhere, they are either â€Å"favorable or unfavorable† (Robbins and Judge, Page 35). There are many different types of components regarding attitudes which are cognitive, affective and behavioral. 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Introduction 1.1 Background of the study This study examines about the relationship between the characteristics of balance scorecard and job satisfaction among university staffs’. Job satisfaction of the employees is an important element for an organization to ensure the quality of their performance. People with high job satisfaction are tending to give a high contribution to the firm’sRead MoreEmployee Satisfaction : The Level Of Fulfillment Of One s Needs849 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Nancy C. Morse (1997) â€Å"Satisfaction refers to the level of fulfillment of one’s needs, wants and desire. Satisfaction depends on what an individual wants from the world, and what he gets.† Employee satisfaction is a measure of how happy workers are with their job and working environment. It is undeniable that there are many different factors affecting organizational effectiveness, and one of them is employee satisfaction. Also, it is said that a satisfied employee is a productive employeeRead MoreThe Work Environment At Drainflow1745 Words   |  7 Pagesremembered it being at her former workplace, Lightning Plumber. Lately, Drainflow seems to be losing many of its customers to their competitor, Lightning Plumber. Reynaldo suspects that the reason that the work environment at DrainFlow is less vital is due to employees not being motivated to provide quality customer service as they do at Lightning Plumber. Reynaldo recently sent out customer surveys and the results she received validated her suspicions. The results showed that even though 60 percentRead MoreResearch Proposal on Employee Motivation and Satisfaction 916 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch proposal will be about employee motivation and satisfaction that will be conducted at the Customer Service Department in The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority. The Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) was formed on 1 January, 1992 to meet customer satisfaction and promote Dubai’s vision through delivery of electricity and water services at a world-class level of reliability, efficiency, safety and environment .( add about customer service department). (Dubai Electricity and Water Authority

Prescription Drug Abuse a Growing Epidemic in the United States Free Essays

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Growing Epidemic in the United States Prescription drug abuse and related overdoses are a major public health issue that continues to grow each year. The National Institute on Drug Abuse explains prescription drug abuse as â€Å"the intentional use of a medication without a prescription. † (U. We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drug Abuse: a Growing Epidemic in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Health and Human Services, 2011) Since prescription drugs are legal and readily prescribed to alleviate pain and suffering, it poses a big challenge to control them. Many people, especially younger adults, feel that they are safer than illicit drugs because they can be found in their family medicine cabinet. Over the years, the number of people abusing these drugs has increased significantly. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), in 2007 there were â€Å"approximately 27,000 unintentional drug overdose deaths† in the United States. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) The use of prescription drugs continues to be the number one cause of these overdoses, more than heroin and cocaine combined. As part of the CDC’s study, they reported that over a ten-year period, between 1997 and 2007, the number of milligrams of prescription opioids prescribed per a person increased from 74 milligrams to 369 milligrams. In 2000, pharmacies dispensed 174-million opioid prescriptions and in 2009, it increased to 257 million prescriptions. These are both major contributors to prescription drug abuse and overdoses due to the fact that prescription drugs are so easily available. As a result of this study, the CDC has classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Prescription drug abuse spans across a wide range of populations. The prevalence of prescription drug abuse is higher among men, individuals between the ages of 18-64, non-Hispanic whites, service members, and poor, rural populations. The highest rate of prescription drug abuse is by young adults between the ages of 18-25. (U. S. Health and Human Services, 2011)) Of the individuals who reported non-medical prescription drug abuse, 70 percent reported getting the prescription drugs from a friend or relative, 18 percent reported getting it from one doctor, and less than 5 percent reported buying it from a drug dealer or stranger. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Younger adults are at higher risk for overdose because they have a higher tendency to mix prescription drugs with alcohol or other illicit drugs. Multiple studies have revealed associations between prescription drug abuse and higher rates of cigarette smoking, heavy episodic drinking, and marijuana, cocaine, and other illicit drug use among adolescents, young adults, and college students in the United States. † (U. S. Health and Human Services, 2011) This results in numerous emergency room visits for this particular popula tion. Between 2004 and 2009, the number of emergency room visits related to non-medical use of prescription drugs nearly doubled. Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Young adults are not the only population of prescription drug abusers that has continued to increase over the years. In 2008, the Department of Defense reported that one in nine active-duty service members reported prescription drug abuse. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) A study done by the Office of National Drug Control Policy found that â€Å"approximately two million adults age 50 and older used prescription-type drugs non-medically in the past year. (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) As you can see, the prescription drug abuse problem is not limited to a specific population. It effects people throughout their lifetime. Newspaper Article A recent article in the Boston Globe called â€Å"Antidote offers addicts’ families sli ver of comfort: Nasal spray credited with reversing more than 1,800 drug overdoses†, talked about the distribution of Naloxone in the community as a way to prevent an overdose. Naloxone is an opiate antidote that can be given to someone who you suspect has overdosed. It can be administered intranasally or by injection. Massachusetts is one of the few states that have implemented a Naloxone distribution program. Beginning in 2006, Massachusetts’s health officials have been distributing Naloxone to individuals who are most likely to witness an overdose such as outreach workers, homeless shelter employees, active drug users and family members. (Canaboy, 2013) The article goes on to talk about the effect the Naloxone programs have had in Massachusetts. In 2010, overdoses were responsible for 738 deaths in Massachusetts, which was twice the number of motor-vehicle deaths. Canaboy, 2013) Studies have showed that the Naloxone programs have had a positive effect in the communities where it is distributed. There were also positive results found in a study done in California by two agencies that implemented Overdose Prevention Programs using Naloxone. The rate of overdose deaths was reduced between 27 percent and 46 percent in the communities where Naloxone was distributed in 2009. (Canaboy, 2013) As shown by this article, drug overdoses continue to be a major public health issue in communities throughout Massachusetts. With the help of programs like the Naloxone discussed in this article, there is hope that health officials and communities can work together to fight against it using harm reduction programs in conjunction with other treatment programs. Healthy People 2020 One of the topics for Healthy People 2020 is substance abuse. The goal of this topic is to â€Å"reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety, and quality of life for all, especially children. † (Healthy People 2020, 2012) Healthy People 2020 reported that 22 million Americans had drug or alcohol problems in 2005 and 95 percent of them were not even aware of their problem. Healthy People 2020, 2012) They also reported that 273,000 people who recognized they had a problem with drugs or alcohol were unsuccessful in obtaining treatment. It’s reasons like this that Healthy People 2020 felt that substance abuse was an important topic to focus on for the future. Under the substance abuse topic in Healthy People 2020 there are two specific objectives directly related to prescription drug use. They state the following: â€Å"objective SA-12 reduce drug-induced deaths† and â€Å"SA-19 reduce the past-year nonmedical use of prescription drugs. (Healthy People 2020, 2012) Both these objectives are directly related to the issues discussed in the Boston Globe article and other initiatives that the Federal Government has outlined as part of their plan. Nursing Diagnosis One of the NANDA diagnoses that relates to prescription drug abuse and overdoses is Ineffective Community Self-Health Management. Carpenito-Moyet describes this diagnosis as â€Å"a pattern in which the community experiences or is at high risk to experience difficulty integrating a program for prevention/treatment of illness and the sequelae of illness and reduction of risk situations. † (p. 28) This can be related to the Naloxone program discussed in the Boston Globe article and other treatment services in general. The article talks about how there are only a few states that have been willing to implement the Naloxone program. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) released a report on â€Å"Prescription Drug Overdoses – a U. S. Epidemic† which talked about the National agenda to combat prescription drug abuse. In the report, it talked about how the public health approach needs to include both secondary and tertiary prevention programs such as the Naloxone program discussed in the Boston Globe article. Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) There are current programs out there but individuals are not successful in accessing them for one reason or another. The CDC’s report discussed the need to remove barriers to make treatment programs more accessible in the communities. The report stated, â€Å"Office-based care can be less stigmatizing and more accessible to all patients, especially those residing in rural areas. † (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012) Another NANDA diagnosis that is related to prescription drug abuse and overdose is deficient knowledge. This is defined by Carpenito-Moyet as, â€Å"the state in which an individual or group experiences a deficiency in cognitive knowledge or psychomotor skills concerning the condition or treatment plan. † (p. 269) This is directly related to the prescription drug abuse and overdose problem in a number of ways. It applies to the individuals who are actively using drugs, the prescribers who are prescribing the drugs to individuals, and the community in general. The Office of National Drug Control Policy developed a plan to combat the prescription drug problem. In their report, Epidemic: Responding to America’s Prescription Drug Abuse Crisis, they developed four major areas of focus, the first being education. The report stated that â€Å"A crucial first step in tackling the problem of prescription drug abuse is to education parents, youth, and patients about the dangers of abusing prescription drugs while requiring prescribers to receive training in the safe and appropriate use of these drugs. † (Executive Office of the President of the United States, 2011) Educating individuals about the dangers of prescription drugs is just as important or even more important than illicit drugs. People feel that prescription drugs aren’t as bad because a doctor prescribes them. Education is also required for family members and community members to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of drug abuse or an overdose. The Boston Globe article talks about how part of the Naloxone program is to educate whomever it is getting the Naloxone how to recognize an overdose. It’s important for them to know what signs to look for. Conclusion As evidence by the Boston Globe article and multiple reports put out by the federal government and different state agencies, prescription drug abuse is a major public health issue that needs to be addressed. It needs to be addressed at all levels, starting with the federal government’s drug policies and working down to the individuals who are abusing drugs. The population of individuals abusing prescription drugs varies for different reasons. There needs to be more treatment and prevention programs available to the different populations that address the specific needs of each. There are current programs established, like the Naloxone, that are shown to work. We need to keep moving in the right direction to implement and grow these types of programs in order to succeed in reducing the prescription drug abuse problem in the United States. Works Cited Canaboy, C. (2013, March 2). Antidote offers addicts’ families sliver of comfort: Nasal spray credited with reversing more than 1,800 drug overdoses. Boston Globe , p. A. 1. Carpenito-Moyet, L. (2008). Handbook of Nursing Diagnosis (12th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012, January 13). CDC Grand Rounds: Prescription Drug Overdoses — a U. S. Epidemic:. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6101a3. htm Executive Office of the President of the United States. (2011, April). Prescription Drug Abuse | The White House:. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from The White House: http://www. whitehouse. gov/ondcp/prescription-drug-abuse Healthy People 2020. 2012, September 6). Substance Abuse – Healthy People:. (U. S. Health and Human Services) Retrieved March 3, 2013, from Healthy People 2020: http://www. healthypeople. gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview. aspx? topicid=40 Lankenau, S. E. , Wagner, K. D. , Silva, K. , Kecojevic, A. , Iverson, E. , McNeely, M. , et al. (2012). Injection Drug Users Trained by Overdose Prevention Programs: Responses to Witnessed Overdoses. Journal of Community Health , 38, 133-141. Stanhope, RN, DSN, FAAN, M. , Lancaster, RN, Ph. D, FAAN, J. (2012). Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (8th ed. ). Maryland Heights, MS: Elsevier, Inc. U. S. Health and Human Services. (2011, December). Prescription Drug Abuse. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www. drugabuse. gov/publications/topics-in-brief/prescription-drug-abuse U. S. Health and Human Services. (2011, October). Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved March 3, 2013, from National Institute of Health: http://www. drugabuse. gov/publications/research-reports/prescription-drugs How to cite Prescription Drug Abuse: a Growing Epidemic in the United States, Papers

Martin luther king jr. 5 Essay Example For Students

Martin luther king jr. 5 Essay Nearly three centuries ago, African slaves were brought to the New World and put into slavery. They were treated more cruelly in the United States than in any other country that had ever practiced slavery, and ever since its prohibition, African-Americans have fought oppression. Martin Luther King Jr., would aid immensely in this fight. He was born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929. His father, Martin Luther King Sr. Was a Baptist minister and also preached for civil rights. By the time he was 17 he had decided to follow his fathers footsteps, so he himself was ordained as a minister. After his graduation from the Crozer Theological Seminary, when he began postgraduate work at Boston University, he studied the works of Indian nationalist Mohandas Gandhi, from whom he derived his own philosophy of nonviolent protest. He moved to Alabama to become pastor for a Baptist church. Just after he received his Ph. D. in 1955, King was asked to lead a bus boycott in Montgomery. It had been formed after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat to a white passenger. Throughout the 381 days which the boycott lasted, he was arrested and jailed, repeatedly threatened, and his home was bombed. The boycott ended later that year when the Supreme Court outlawed segregation in public transportation. This was his first victory and alone made Dr. King a highly respected leader. When he went to India in 1959, he studied Gandhis principle of Satyagraha or nonviolent persuasion, which he planned to use for his social protests. In the following year he decided to move back to Atlanta to become copastor with his father. In 1963 he was back in Birmingham, Alabama, where he led a massive civil rights campaign, organizing drives for black voter registration, desegregation, and better education throughout the South. During that time he led the unforgettable March on Washington where he delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech to millions of viewers across the nation. The next year he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. He went on to launching his first major northern campaign in Chicago. Black Baptists were there opposing him, and a mob of club carrying Ku Klux Klan members and Neo-Nazis met his marchers. With all that he had said and done, on April 3, 1983 he said I have been to the mountain top and seen the promise land. This was the day prior to his demise. Sadly, the following day he was shot to death in Memphis Tennessee. Nearly 500,000 of his loyal admirers attended his funeral. It was the end of his civil rights crusade. A man who wont die for something is not fit to live he had once said. That day he died for civil rights, he died for his dream. Prejudices have always and will always exist among people. The prejudices this nation faces now, and has faced for years is racial oppression and segregation. Martin Luther King had a dream. He didnt want people to be judged by the color of their skin, but the content of their character. He was determined that the dream would become a reality, and in most ways it did. The rights of the people are now equal. Any person, regardless of his race can do anything. No longer is the African-American community limited in their rights or segregated from society. We have all grown closer to racial unity. Despite all of this, racism remains in the minds of people, and hate crimes as well as white supremacist organizations still exist. If racism itself is ever eliminated, it will only fade away with time, being replaced by another prejudice belittling a part of society. Prejudices have proven to be inevitable in human society and will continue until the end of time. Martin Luther King Jr. played a major part in todays problem, and will have an impact on what is to come. .